PCB名刺の作り方

Overview: Business cards are often used when conducting business-related activities but in this era, traditional paper business cards simply are not enough in terms of attracting the attention of other parties or partners. This article, by FSテクノロジー, will teach you how to make a modern, practical PCB名刺 which will make you stand out from other competitors.

Foreword

このプロジェクトで学べること

簡単なPCB名刺の作り方
の製造工程をご紹介します。 high-end PCB business cards with NFC (Near Field Communication) functionality

必要なツールやスキル

必須ツール

ハンダゴテ
熱風式リワークツール
はんだペースト
ハンダ用フラックス
ハンダ線
ピンセット
クロスロックピンセット
PCBクリーナー
綿棒
爪楊枝

オプションツール

スモークエキスカスター
オーネートガラス
NFC搭載携帯電話
NFCチップ 1kb

必要なスキル

SMDハンダ付けスキル

部品表です。

プリント基板
220nFのコンデンサ
47Ω抵抗
LED

Simple Printed Circuit Board Business Card Manufacturing Process

Making the PCB schematics

Although other PCB設計ツール may be used, EasyEDA is recommended by us to draw the PCB schematics as it has a built-in simulator for signal measurements. You can also find the required circuit schematics of the components in the EasyEDA library.

Import the desired pattern into layer 22 “bPlace” and it will appear on the silkscreen of the PCB, above the black solder mask.
Introduce light on layer 16 “Bottom”, which will be seen as copper traces covered by the black solder mask.

The schematic diagram of a simple PCB business card is relatively simple as, except for the USB connector, all the components used on the circuit board are SMD (Surface Mount Discrete) parts. Even so, you will still need to know how the circuit boards work because you will need to sketch their design on the file.

PCB Business Card Template Design

パネル上部に個人情報（名前、電話など）を記録する必要があるため、グランドプレーンの一部をカスタマイズし、レイヤー29「tStop」に表示する情報を入力する必要があります。このレイヤーは、トップを制御するソルダーレジストです。トップと "tStop" レイヤーにテキストを重ねることで PCB 名刺をより良く見せることができます。

誘導性アンテナに関する注意事項

電波はプリント基板を通過できないので、アンテナを設計するときは、上下に銅板がないようにしなければなりません。正しい方法は以下の通りです。

アンテナの上に銅がある場合、PCBのグランドプレーンがリーダをブロックし、次の図のようにNFCタグのアンテナ間でエネルギーが伝達されなくなります。

Precautions for assembly of business card components

Before proceeding with PCB assembly, you need to know the rules of PCB部品の向き. To make your PCB business card more beautiful, you can place the components on the bottom of the PCB board and place the LED on the bulb filament. If you’re making an NFC-enabled business card, you’ll need to connect wires to the NFC IC.

Generating Gerber files

Gerber files are used by the PCB industry to “describe” PCB images and are required whether you are making your own DIY PCBAボード or outsourcing the fabrication to a professional turnkey PCBA assembly company, such as FS Technology. After completing the schematic diagram, you can click the “convert” button in EasyEDA to convert the schematic diagram into a PCB design or if you are using Eagle, you can export Gerber files by using the built-in CAM processor.

Ordering your PCB board

If you want a high-quality PCB business card, you can send your order to FS Technology as we have the most advanced equipment, a highly-trained technical team and the cheapest price. As professional PCB manufacturing experts in China, we recommend the following designs for your custom board:

層数：2層
PCB thickness: 1.0 mm
Size: 50×80 mm
表面処理HASL
銅製重量：1オンス

コンポーネントのインストール

The purpose of a PCBA board is to connect the different components through the “lines” or traces on the bare board to achieve different functions, primarily electrical conductivity between components, so PCBアセンブリ is an essential part of completing the circuit. For this, you will need to solder the SMD部品 to the PCB board, then use the programmer to write the code into the microcontroller and finally do a プリント基板組立検査.

梱包用PCB名刺

You can use foam double-sided tape to seal the edge of your assembled PCBA board by printing a mask to then put on the foam double-sided tape. Subsequently, you can cut off any excess tape to complete your creative PCB business card.

NFC搭載プリント基板名刺

NFC技術の紹介

NFCとは？

NFC, also known as Near Field Communication, is a contactless identification and interconnection technology (similar to Bluetooth PCB) which enables your mobile devices and consumer electronics to communicate within a range of < 10 cm. In recent years, devices used in popular mobile payment, identity authentication, transportation card recharge, etc all have been relying on NFC.

NFCはどのように機能するのですか？

The NFC working mode is divided into two modes, passive and active mode, but this article will only describe the active mode. When the signal-sending device sends data to the target device, it must generate a radio frequency field, which can then use the electromagnetic induction between the two loop antennas to charge the passive target (tag), as shown in the figure:

NFCチップの作製

チップの条件。

小型SMDパッケージ
十分な記憶容量
Embedded energy harvesting module

If you use a printed circuit board as a business card, the NFC chip is at its heart and although the choice of the core can be varied, this article will recommend NXP’s NTAG NT3H1101 IC. Many electronics enthusiasts have programming abilities, they can do ICプログラミング by themselves to get more functions.

NTAG i2c is the latest passive TAG chip with an I2C interface released by NXP, which is an agent of the Dalian Dapinjia group. It is widely used in household appliances, consumer electronics, wearable technology, home automation and other fields as it provides both contactless and contact interfaces as shown:

アンテナのインダクタンスを計算する

In order for the PCB business card to communicate and power up, we need to add an antenna to the NFC tag. The antenna design of the NFC chip is relatively simple, as shown below:

上の写真にあるアイコンの説明。

Voc: Magnetic field-induced open circuit voltage
Ra：等価抵抗
La: 等価インダクタンス
Rs：直列等価抵抗
Cs:直列等価同調容量

送信機が磁界を感知すると、その端子に開路電圧Vocが現れる。

直列抵抗RaとRsの和は、下図のように、NFC集積回路とそのループアンテナからなる回路の等価モデルとなります。

NFC IC の抵抗 Rs は、アンテナ抵抗 Ra と共に共振回路 RLC を形成し、内蔵のの静電容量Csと、アンテナのインダクタンスLaを比較します。

共振回路RLCの周波数公式を図に示す。

Resonant frequency formula parameters explanation:

F：共振周波数、単位。Hz
L: 等価インダクタンス、単位。H
C: 等価静電容量、単位。F

L is an unknown parameter in this equation and L needs to be calculated separately. The formula diagram is as follows:

例NFC の周波数を 13.56MHz とし、同調容量を 50pF とすると、インダクタンス L は次の式で求められる。

矩形アンテナの計算

Only by obeying the geometric constraints, we can add a specific inductance antenna to the PCB board. Antennas with different geometries require different formulas to support them. In order to facilitate the explanation, FS Technology uses a relatively simple rectangular antenna to design PCB business cards, as shown in the following figure:

上図における単位の説明。

A0 & B0: Overall size of the antenna
Aavg & Bavg: Average size of the antenna
T: Track thickness
W：トラック幅
G: トラック間のギャップ
ナントターン数
D: トラックの等価直径

等価インダクタンスLantの計算式は次のとおりです。

ラントの公式の解釈は以下の通りです。

イーグルライブラリーの作成

アンテナの設計が面倒だと思う方は、NXPが提供する長方形のオープンソースアンテナをコピーして設計し、コネクタの位置を変更することも可能です。

Solder the NFC chip onto the PCB visiting card

Soldering the PCB components is a relatively important step to any complete PCB product but whether it is before or after soldering, プリント基板洗浄 is an essential preliminary step. After cleaning is completed, PCBフラックス needs to be prepared in advance. Flux can act as a temporary glue by applying it to the IC package with a toothpick, and when the flux is added, you can use tweezers to hold the circuit board components in place. Then, use a new toothpick to take a small amount of solder paste and place it on the pins of the components. Both flux and solder paste is commonly used when it comes to soldering SMD components as these techniques are much more accurate compared to standard through-hole soldering. Remember to always control the amount of solder paste used as overusing solder paste is a common problem with many hobbyists new to soldering and it can cause サーキットボードショート. The final step of the soldering process is to use a hot air rework tool to melt the solder paste and solder the IC’s pins to the circuit tracks. With the use of a hot air rework tool, it eliminates the need for a traditional soldering iron which can be a bit more tricky to solder such miniature components with, especially by hand. After this process, it is always recommended to visually check the connectivity of each component to ensure that there are no solder bridges or misalignments of components. A microscope may be useful for smaller components. To enhance the look of your PCB visiting card, you can use a pre-prepared soldering iron to remove the excess flux in addition to Q-tips and isopropyl alcohol for cleaning. Resistors and LEDs operate in almost the same way and can be soldered with the above steps. Overall, soldering the NFC IC by hand is by far the hardest step in this project and even the slightest mistake can lead to a short circuit. If mistakes are made during this process, it is recommended that you know some skills of デソルダーリングPCBコンポーネント as it can help reduce losses in the case of any mistakes. Similar to many other skills, constant practice of SMD soldering is the best way to improve your soldering techniques and could be a very helpful skill when working on other projects involving SMD components.

NFC chip IC programming

NFC Tools for Android: Find the settings menu on your Android device and open the NFC settings.
iOS NFC Tool: The NFC tool on your iOS device (iPad, iPhone, etc) will start automatically. Launch the NFC tool, find the “Write” button, click “Add Record”, select “URL” as the record, enter the URL you want the NFC tool to transmit, click the “OK” button and then enter the NFC tag on the “Write” page. When the dynamic icon is displayed, hold the phone close to the business card and the LED on the business card should light up. When the icon shows “Writing completed”, your NFC PCB business card is complete.