{"id":20663,"date":"2023-04-07T06:05:04","date_gmt":"2023-04-07T06:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/?p=20663"},"modified":"2023-11-03T07:37:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T07:37:23","slug":"enig-finish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/enig-finish\/","title":{"rendered":"Nickel-or chimique par immersion (ENIG) pour votre prochain projet de circuit imprim\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20663\" class=\"elementor elementor-20663\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28b8a81 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28b8a81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8308476\" data-id=\"8308476\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6633600\" data-id=\"6633600\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f667f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4f667f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9289a89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9289a89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) for your next PCB project<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e381841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"e381841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6f5ade elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6f5ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #748494;\">ENIG, or <b>electroless nickel immersion gold<\/b>, is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/pcb-surface-finishes\/\">surface finishing<\/a> process applied to the copper pads on a PCB board to protect them from environmental conditions such as corrosion. This finish involves two layers: first, a nickel layer is applied to the copper layer, and then immersion gold is applied over the nickel layer. The nickel layer prevents oxidation and corrosion, while the immersion gold layer acts as a protective layer for the nickel layer and makes the surface easier to handle during soldering. The thickness of the nickel layer is typically between 4 and 7 microns, and the immersion gold layer has a thickness of about 0.05 to 0.23 microns.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #748494;\">As one of the leading <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/\">PCBA manufacturers<\/a> in China, we offer ENIG plating as a surface treatment option. While the ENIG plating process is somewhat complex, it is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/rohs-compliant-pcba\/\">RoHS compliant<\/a> and offers easy solderability, oxidation resistance, and a flat surface structure, making it one of the best surface finishes available, as recognized by engineers. In this article, FS Technology will provide some guidelines for using ENIG surface finish, which will be beneficial for your electrical projects.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a779a7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a779a7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why use ENIG finish<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1de57bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1de57bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Features of ENIG<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2778a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2778a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Solderability: The resulting surface of ENIG is flat and uniform, making it easier to obtain accurate solder joints. The nickel layer on the board surface enhances conductivity, leading to better soldering results.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Corrosion Resistance: ENIG provides high corrosion resistance due to the nickel layer. Nickel is known for its oxidation and corrosion resistance, which protects the copper traces from environmental conditions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Reliable Wire Bonding: ENIG is a good option for wire bonding due to its flat structure. The nickel layer is suitable for wire bonding but must be free from pitting to avoid any effect on the wire bonding process.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Shelf Life: ENIG has a longer shelf life compared to other finishes. It can operate for a longer duration without being affected by oxidation and corrosion, making it suitable for applications where long-term reliability is needed.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Cost-effective Finish: ENIG is less expensive than other finishes such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/enepig\/\">ENEPIG<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/immersion-silver-pcb-surface-finish\/\">immersion silver<\/a>. Its application process is simple, making it a cost-effective option.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Difficulty Reworking: The board with ENIG finish is difficult to repair if it gets damaged.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Craft Puzzle: The difference in the thickness of the nickel and gold layers can affect the overall performance of the board. Pitting is another issue that can affect the board&#8217;s performance, caused by the nickel layer.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-309f07f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"309f07f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enig Vs ENEPIG<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1c3329 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a1c3329\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table><thead><tr><th>Feature<\/th><th>ENIG<\/th><th>ENEPIG<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Process<\/td><td>The electroless plating process is used to apply nickel on the board surface after it is immersed in the gold solution.<\/td><td>There are different processes used for ENEPIG applications, which typically involve a combination of electroless palladium, electroless nickel, and immersion gold plating.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thickness<\/td><td>In some cases, the thickness of the nickel layer is about three to six microns, while the gold layer is about 0.05 to 0.1 microns thick.<\/td><td>For ENEPIG, the nickel layer typically has a thickness of 4 to 8 microns, the palladium layer thickness is 0.1 to 0.3 microns, and the gold layer thickness is about 0.025 to 0.05 microns.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solderability<\/td><td>The use of a gold layer in the ENIG finish results in excellent solderability, but it can cause black pad corrosion as the nickel layer gets corroded.<\/td><td>The presence of gold and palladium layers enhances its solderability and minimizes the risk of black pads.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wire Bonding<\/td><td>This finish is often utilized for wire bonding as it provides a flat surface, but the bonding effectiveness can be negatively impacted by pitting created by the nickel layer.<\/td><td>It is also an excellent option for wire bonding as the palladium layer helps to achieve more precise wire bonding than the nickel layer used in ENIG.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cost<\/td><td>The simple plating process involved in ENIG and the fewer plating phases make it less expensive than ENEPIG.<\/td><td>The ENEPIG process is more complex, which makes it a more expensive finish compared to ENIG.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Corrosion Resistance<\/td><td>The nickel layer provides excellent corrosion resistance to the finish.<\/td><td>ENEPIG is also known for its high resistance to corrosion, thanks to the use of nickel, gold, and palladium.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shelf Life<\/td><td>ENIG has a longer shelf life compared to other surface finishes, but it may degrade over time due to the formation of black pad defects.<\/td><td>Compared to ENIG, ENEPIG has a longer shelf life thanks to the presence of the palladium layer, which acts as a barrier against oxidation and corrosion.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b40a56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8b40a56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ENIG Plating Needs Attention<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1dc423 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c1dc423\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Black pad of ENIG in PCB<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-745a5f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"745a5f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #748494;\">The black pad is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/common-pcb-problems\/\">common PCB problems<\/a>\u00a0that can occur during the ENIG finishing process on PCB boards. It results in the formation of a black layer between the nickel and gold layers, causing the gold layer to be eliminated from the board&#8217;s surface. The black pad defect is mainly caused by poor adhesion between the nickel and gold layers, which is often due to a thin nickel layer. The black layer is actually nickel oxide, produced by a reaction between nickel and environmental contaminants. This defect can significantly decrease the board&#8217;s reliability and lead to damage in some cases.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #748494;\">To prevent black pad defects, it is crucial to ensure a precise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/making-a-pcb-step-by-step\/\">PCB manufacturing process<\/a>. This involves controlling the thickness of the nickel layer, performing the finishing process in clean conditions, and using high-quality materials. Black pads are more likely to occur in BGA and chip scale packaging, which have a smaller pin pitch. Overheating during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/pcb-assembly\/\">PCB assembly<\/a>, such as during the soldering process, can also cause black pads to form. Black pads can cause electrical faults as well as mechanical faults such as solder joint cracking.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c780ce1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c780ce1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"304\" height=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u56fe\u72471.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20665\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u56fe\u72471.jpg 304w, https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u56fe\u72471-251x300.jpg 251w, https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/\u56fe\u72471-10x12.jpg 10w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8f1db1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8f1db1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ENIG Quality Control and Testing<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-785b94d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"785b94d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #748494;\">To ensure the ENIG finish meets the quality requirements of the board, various quality control tests are performed. These tests include:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">X-ray inspection is a common technique used to detect the presence of black pads on a PCB board. This technique can also identify other anomalies in the nickel layer, which may indicate the presence of black pads.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">XRF or X-Ray fluorescence: This test is used to check that the finish is in compliance with the board&#8217;s requirements. XRF is a non-destructive test that detects the composition of the surface layers by using X-rays.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">SEM or Scanning Electron Microscopy: SEM testing is used to inspect the surface quality of the finish and to examine the morphology of the nickel and gold layers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #748494;\">Solderability testing: These tests are performed to evaluate the soldering features of the board. The solderability testing includes the wetting balance test, the solder ball test, and the solder spread test.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f158b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f158b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b4c030 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b4c030\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #748494;\">The ENIG gold plating is a critical process for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/manufacturing-pcb\/\">PCB manufacturing<\/a>, offering features such as corrosion resistance, excellent solderability, and longer shelf life. It is widely used in various industries, including medical equipment, electronic devices, aviation, and telecommunications. Despite its benefits, ENIG also presents some challenges that can be addressed through ongoing research and development efforts.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<aside class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fde6ae\" data-id=\"1fde6ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b09a261 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b09a261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fad3671 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fad3671\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c976c8\" data-id=\"2c976c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07baefa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07baefa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Surface Treatment Services<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1c9c16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f1c9c16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d857a8d\" data-id=\"d857a8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edbae58 elementor-align-start active elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"edbae58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/tin-immersion\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immersion Tin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/hasl-hot-air-solder-leveling-surface-finish\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> HASL<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-osp-pcb-surface-finish\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">OSP<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/immersion-silver-pcb-surface-finish\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immersion Silver<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/enepig\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">ENEPIG<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">ENIG<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-533acc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"533acc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72bc960\" data-id=\"72bc960\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d1570c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d1570c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">Related Blogs<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9509ea5 elementor-posts--thumbnail-none elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"9509ea5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-20663 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-knowledge-of-pcb tag-manufacturing-process tag-surface-finishes\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/enig-finish\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tElectroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) for your next PCB project\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) for your next PCB project ENIG, or electroless nickel immersion gold, is a surface finishing process applied to the copper<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/enig-finish\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) for your next PCB project\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tavril 7, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-20539 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-knowledge-of-pcb tag-manufacturing-process tag-surface-finishes\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/tin-immersion\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tImmersion Tin PCB Surface Finish\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Immersion Tin PCB Surface Finish Immersion tin is a type of surface Finishes used in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. This process involves coating the<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/tin-immersion\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Immersion Tin PCB Surface Finish\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tavril 6, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-19499 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-knowledge-of-pcb tag-manufacturing-process tag-surface-finishes\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/enepig\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tAdvanced PCB Surface Treatment &#8211; ENEPIG\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Advanced PCB Surface Treatment &#8211; ENEPIG Technology is always evolving, and as electronic applications continue to grow in depth, they are used in more complex<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/enepig\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur Advanced PCB Surface Treatment &#8211; ENEPIG\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tmars 22, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-19387 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-knowledge-of-pcb tag-manufacturing-process tag-surface-finishes\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/hasl-hot-air-solder-leveling-surface-finish\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tHASL-Hot Air Solder Leveling Surface Finish\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>HASL-Hot Air Solder Leveling Surface Finish Hot Air Solder Leveling, or HASL, is a common surface finish in the PCB industry that typically involves solder<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/hasl-hot-air-solder-leveling-surface-finish\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur HASL-Hot Air Solder Leveling Surface Finish\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tmars 20, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-19214 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-knowledge-of-pcb tag-manufacturing-process tag-surface-finishes\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-osp-pcb-surface-finish\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tWhat is OSP PCB Finish: Meaning &#038; Process &#038; ENIG\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>A comprehensive guide to OSP PCB surface finish The copper used on a printed circuit board (PCB) is important as it defines the connections between<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-osp-pcb-surface-finish\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur What is OSP PCB Finish: Meaning &#038; Process &#038; ENIG\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tmars 14, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-18956 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-knowledge-of-pcb tag-manufacturing-process tag-surface-finishes\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/pcb-surface-finishes\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tPCB Surface Finishes\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>PCB surface treatment is a crucial process in manufacturing and assembly. It is usually applied to the exposed pads and gold fingers to protect them<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/pcb-surface-finishes\/\" aria-label=\"En savoir plus sur PCB Surface Finishes\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tmars 6, 2023\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2da33bef elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2da33bef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24964e21\" data-id=\"24964e21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-410f24d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"410f24d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f897af3\" data-id=\"4f897af3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4eaae14b\" data-id=\"4eaae14b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bd1b90c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bd1b90c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We'd love to hear from you\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24d99b92 elementor-button-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"24d99b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"New Form\" aria-label=\"New Form\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"20663\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"24d99b92\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tName\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-md  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"Name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-email elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-email\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[email]\" id=\"form-field-email\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-md  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"Email\" required=\"required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_d541da3 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_d541da3\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhone\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_d541da3]\" id=\"form-field-field_d541da3\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-md  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"Phone\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"Seuls les caract\u00e8res de num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone (#, -, *, etc.) sont accept\u00e9s.\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMessage\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-md\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"Message\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-md\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Send Message<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9de3115\" data-id=\"9de3115\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) for your next PCB project ENIG, or electroless nickel immersion gold, is a surface finishing process applied to the copper pads on a PCB board to protect them from environmental conditions such as corrosion. This finish involves two layers: first, a nickel layer is applied to the copper layer, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[97,90],"class_list":["post-20663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge-of-pcb","tag-manufacturing-process","tag-surface-finishes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20663"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20663\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fs-pcba.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}